CONREC PHP Demonstration Page

Original CONREC code by Paul Bourke.

This PHP implementation by Ashley Norris.


f = X.(sin(X) + sin(Y))

X Axis: -9.425 to 9.425, Y Axis: -9.425 to 9.425


f = sin((X^2 + Y^2)^0.5)

X Axis: -3.142 to 9.425, Y Axis: -6.283 to 6.283


f = ContouringPaper[Figure18.6]

X Axis: -5 to 10, Y Axis: -6.283 to 6.283


f = random(0,100)

X Axis: 0 to 10, Y Axis: 0 to 10


End of CONREC demonstrations.



CONREC PHP File

The library code is shown below.


<?php
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  // CONREC is a straightforward method of contouring some surface represented 
  // as a regular triangular mesh.
  //
  // Ported from C / Fortran code by Paul Borke. 
  // http://paulbourke.net/papers/conrec/ 
  //
  // PHP implementation by Ashley Norris.
  // http://norris.org.au/
  //
  // Contouring aids in visualizing three dimensional surfaces on a two dimensional 
  // medium (on paper or in this case a computer graphics screen). Two most common 
  // applications are displaying topological features of an area on a map or the air 
  // pressure on a weather map. In all cases some parameter is plotted as a function 
  // of two variables, the longitude and latitude or x and y axis. One problem with 
  // computer contouring is the process is usually CPU intensive and the algorithms 
  // often use advanced mathematical techniques making them susceptible to error.
  //
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  //
  // This PHP implementation accepts a 2D scalar field (a matrix) and returns
  // a set of line segments that would typically then be rendered in some way by the user.
  //
  // The form of the returned data has been made as simple as possible, and could
  // be easily edited (to minimise memory use) by anyone if they so wish.
  //
  // The returned data is an array of this structure:
  // [top] (array of contours)                    // An array containing all of the contours created by this algorithm
  //  -> [contour] (mixed array)
  //        -> 'value'  (double)                    // The scalar value (height) of the contour
  //        -> ['segments'] (array of segments)     // An array containing all the segments (not necessarily continuous) that make up the contour
  //              -> 'x1' (double)
  //              -> 'y1' (double)
  //              -> 'x2' (double)
  //              -> 'y2' (double)
  //
  //  Best thing to do is to use the function and then do a "print_r();" on its returned value to explore the structure returned.
  //
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  //
  // This library file produces no output, and contains a definition for one useful function: contour();
  //
  // There are some other functions defined at the end of the file for internal use, which would be useless for external calls.
  //
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------  
  // Function contour($d, $x, $y, $z, $SKIP_QC = false);
  //
  // === Input Parameters ===
  //
  // $d => 2D matrix of values, typically of type double
  // $x => 1D array of the x-coordinate for each column
  // $y => 1D array of the y-coordinate for each row
  // $z => 1D array of the Z value to use for each contour **OR** an integer number of contours to automatically create
  // $SKIP_QC => boolean, set to true to skip the Quality Control stage (speed benefit for large datasets)
  //
  // Some notes:
  //  - $d is a 2D jagged array, with X on the first dim and Y on the second.
  //    I say jagged as PHP does not support a true native multidimensional array
  //    type in the same way as other languages do. Thus, (C, Fortran, etc...) d[i,j] === (PHP) $d[i][j]
  //  - $x must be the same length as the width (first dim) of $d
  //  - $y must be the same length as the height (second dim) of $d
  //  - The $x and $y arrays are not specifically "needed" to create contours, but are 
  //    used to return contour line segments in that coordinate system, rather than a unit system of col and row number.
  //  - $z takes advantage of PHP's flexible typing (yes, it really is good for some things!)
  //    Either, pass in an array of values and the number of contours returned will equal the length of $z
  //    Or, pass in an integer, and that many contours will be returned.
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------  
   
  function CONREC_contour($d, $x, $y, $z, $SKIP_QC = false)
  {
    // ==================================================
    // QC the inputs (turn off for large datasets)
    // If wanting to improve performance, but maintain QC, then feel free to weave the QC checks into the actual algorithm code below
    // ==================================================
    if (!$SKIP_QC) {
      // Basic checks first
      if (!is_array($d)) { die('Function contour(); failed QC. Parameter $d is not an array.'); }
      if (!is_array($x)) { die('Function contour(); failed QC. Parameter $x is not an array.'); }
      if (!is_array($y)) { die('Function contour(); failed QC. Parameter $y is not an array.'); }
      
      // NOTE: the count() function in PHP is NOT recursive by default
      if (count($d) <= 1) { die('Function contour(); failed QC. Dimension 1 of $d has length smaller than or equal to 1.'); }
      if (count($x) <= 1) { die('Function contour(); failed QC. Array $x has length smaller than or equal to 1.'); }
      if (count($y) <= 1) { die('Function contour(); failed QC. Array $y has length smaller than or equal to 1.'); }
      
      // Check first dim of $d against $x
      if (count($d) != count($x)) { die('Function contour(); failed QC. Dimension 1 of $d ['.count($d).'] does not match length of $x ['.count($x).'].'); }
            
      // Loop first dim of $d and check second dim for all rows (as a side-effect this ensures $d is regular)
      foreach($d as $index=>$row) {
        if (!is_int($index)) { die('Function contour(); failed QC. Row "'.$index.'" of $d must have an integer index.'); }
        if (count($row) != count($y)) { die('Function contour(); failed QC. Dimension 2 of row "'.$index.'" of $d does not match length of $y.'); }
        // Check indexes of row
        foreach(array_keys($row) as $col_index) {
          if (!is_int($col_index)) { die('Function contour(); failed QC. On row "'.$index.'", col "'.$col_index.'" of $d must have an integer index.'); } 
        }
      }
      
      // $z is either an array, or an integer
      if (!is_array($z) AND !is_int($z)) { die('Function contour(); failed QC. Parameter $z must be either an array or an integer.'); }
    }
    // ==================================================
    
    
    // ==================================================
    // While PHP does not require us to declare our variables, we do so here anyway, as per the original C code
    
    $x1 = 0.0;
    $x2 = 0.0;
    $y1 = 0.0;
    $y2 = 0.0;

    // ================================================== 
    // For these arrays we can not specify a fixed length, we just init them with zeros and start using them
    // ================================================== 
    $h = array(0,0,0,0,0);  // Length 5
    $sh = array(0,0,0,0,0); // Length 5
    $xh = array(0,0,0,0,0); // Length 5
    $yh = array(0,0,0,0,0); // Length 5
  
    // ==================================================
    // When getting the range of the X and Y values we can use the first row of the matrix thanks to the QC step above
    // ==================================================

    // NOTE: the count() function in PHP is NOT recursive by default
    $ilb = 0;         // Can assume this thanks to QC step
    $iub = count($d) - 1; // Counts first dim
    $jlb = 0;         // Can assume this thanks to QC step
    $jub = count($d[0]) - 1;  // Counts second dim of first row, which we can do thanks to QC step

    if (is_array($z)) {
      $nc = count($z);
    }
    else if (is_int($z)) {
      $nc = $z;
    }   
    else {
      // Sensible hard-coded default value, in case QC was skipped
      $nc = 10;
    }
    
    
    // ================================================== 
    // Automatic contours (in case only the number has been defined)
    // ================================================== 
    if (!is_array($z)) {
      $z = CONREC_auto_z($nc,$d);
    }
    
    // ================================================== 
    // Sort $z
    sort($z);
		
    // ================================================== 
    // The indexing of im and jm should be noted as it has to start from zero
    // unlike the fortran counter part
    $im = array(0, 1, 1, 0 );
    $jm = array( 0, 0, 1, 1 );
  
    // ================================================== 
    // Note that castab is arranged differently from the FORTRAN code because
    // Fortran and C/C++ arrays are transposed of each other, in this case
    // it is more tricky as castab is in 3 dimensions
    $castab = array(
      array( array( 0, 0, 8 ), array( 0, 2, 5 ), array( 7, 6, 9 ) ), 
      array( array( 0, 3, 4 ), array( 1, 3, 1 ), array( 4, 3, 0 ) ),
      array( array( 9, 6, 7 ), array( 5, 2, 0 ), array( 8, 0, 0 ) )
    );
    
    // ================================================== 
    // We are now ready to perform the contouring, init the return array
    $return_array = array();
    foreach($z as $index=>$value) {
      $return_array[$index] = array('value'=>$value,'segments'=>array());
    }
    
    // ================================================== 
    // Primary loop: i (row, or $d first dimension) loop begins here
    for ($i = $ilb; $i <= $iub - 1; $i++)
      {
          // ================================================== 
          // Primary loop: j (col, or $d second dimension) loop begins here
          for ($j = $jub - 1; $j >= $jlb; $j--)
          {
              // ================================================== 
              // Find the max and min value of the corners
              $corners = array($d[$i][$j], $d[$i][$j + 1], $d[$i + 1][$j], $d[$i + 1][$j + 1]);
              $dmin = min($corners);
              $dmax = max($corners);
              // Perform elimination of trivial cases
              if ($dmax >= $z[0] && $dmin <= $z[$nc - 1])
              {
                  // Start k (contour level) loop
                  for ($k = 0; $k < $nc; $k++)
                  {
                      // Test against this contour level
                      if ($z[$k] >= $dmin && $z[$k] <= $dmax)
                      {
                          // Loop over $m (corners)
                          for ($m = 4; $m >= 0; $m--)
                          {
                              if ($m > 0)
                              {
                                  // The indexing of im and jm should be noted as it has to
                                  // start from zero
                                  $h[$m] = $d[$i + $im[$m - 1]][ $j + $jm[$m - 1]] - $z[$k];
                                  $xh[$m] = $x[$i + $im[$m - 1]];
                                  $yh[$m] = $y[$j + $jm[$m - 1]];
                              }
                              else
                              {
                                  // Compute average
                                  $h[0] = 0.25 * ($h[1] + $h[2] + $h[3] + $h[4]);
                                  $xh[0] = 0.5 * ($x[$i] + $x[$i + 1]);
                                  $yh[0] = 0.5 * ($y[$j] + $y[$j + 1]);
                              }
  
                              if ($h[$m] > 0.0)
                              {
                                  $sh[$m] = 1;
                              }
                              else if ($h[$m] < 0.0)
                              {
                                  $sh[$m] = -1;
                              }
                              else
                              {
                                  $sh[$m] = 0;
                              }
                          } // end $m loop
  
                          // Note: at this stage the relative heights of the corners and the
                          // centre are in the h array, and the corresponding coordinates are
                          // in the xh and yh arrays. The centre of the box is indexed by 0
                          // and the 4 corners by 1 to 4 as shown below.
                          // Each triangle is then indexed by the parameter m, and the 3
                          // vertices of each triangle are indexed by parameters m1,m2,and
                          // m3.
                          // It is assumed that the centre of the box is always vertex 2
                          // though this is important only when all 3 vertices lie exactly on
                          // the same contour level, in which case only the side of the box
                          // is drawn.
                          //
                          // vertex 4
                          // +-------------------+ vertex 3
                          // | \               / |
                          // |   \    m-3    /   |
                          // |     \       /     |
                          // |       \   /       |
                          // |  m=2    X   m=2   |       the centre is vertex 0
                          // |       /   \       |
                          // |     /       \     |
                          // |   /    m=1    \   |
                          // | /               \ |
                          // +-------------------+ vertex 2
                          // vertex 1
                          //
                          // Scan each triangle in the box
                          for ($m = 1; $m <= 4; $m++)
                          {
                              $m1 = $m;
                              $m2 = 0;
                              $m3 = 0;
                              if ($m != 4)
                              {
                                  $m3 = $m + 1;
                              }
                              else
                              {
                                  $m3 = 1;
                              }
  
  
                              $caseValue = $castab[$sh[$m1] + 1][$sh[$m2] + 1][$sh[$m3] + 1];
                              if ($caseValue != 0)
                              {
                                  switch ($caseValue)
                                  {
                                      case 1: // Line between vertices 1 and 2
                                          $x1 = $xh[$m1];
                                          $y1 = $yh[$m1];
                                          $x2 = $xh[$m2];
                                          $y2 = $yh[$m2];
                                          break;
                                      case 2: // Line between vertices 2 and 3
                                          $x1 = $xh[$m2];
                                          $y1 = $yh[$m2];
                                          $x2 = $xh[$m3];
                                          $y2 = $yh[$m3];
                                          break;
                                      case 3: // Line between vertices 3 and 1
                                          $x1 = $xh[$m3];
                                          $y1 = $yh[$m3];
                                          $x2 = $xh[$m1];
                                          $y2 = $yh[$m1];
                                          break;
                                      case 4: // Line between vertex 1 and side 2-3
                                          $x1 = $xh[$m1];
                                          $y1 = $yh[$m1];
                                          $x2 = CONREC_sect($m2, $m3, $h, $xh);
                                          $y2 = CONREC_sect($m2, $m3);
                                          break;
                                      case 5: // Line between vertex 2 and side 3-1
                                          $x1 = $xh[$m2];
                                          $y1 = $yh[$m2];
                                          $x2 = CONREC_sect($m3, $m1, $h, $xh);
                                          $y2 = CONREC_sect($m3, $m1, $h, $yh);
                                          break;
                                      case 6: // Line between vertex 3 and side 1-2
                                          $x1 = $xh[$m3];
                                          $y1 = $yh[$m3];
                                          $x2 = CONREC_sect($m1, $m2, $h, $xh);
                                          $y2 = CONREC_sect($m1, $m2, $h, $yh);
                                          break;
                                      case 7: // Line between sides 1-2 and 2-3
                                          $x1 = CONREC_sect($m1, $m2, $h, $xh);
                                          $y1 = CONREC_sect($m1, $m2, $h, $yh);
                                          $x2 = CONREC_sect($m2, $m3, $h, $xh);
                                          $y2 = CONREC_sect($m2, $m3, $h, $yh);
                                          break;
                                      case 8: // Line between sides 2-3 and 3-1
                                          $x1 = CONREC_sect($m2, $m3, $h, $xh);
                                          $y1 = CONREC_sect($m2, $m3, $h, $yh);
                                          $x2 = CONREC_sect($m3, $m1, $h, $xh);
                                          $y2 = CONREC_sect($m3, $m1, $h, $yh);
                                          break;
                                      case 9: // Line between sides 3-1 and 1-2
                                          $x1 = CONREC_sect($m3, $m1, $h, $xh);
                                          $y1 = CONREC_sect($m3, $m1, $h, $yh);
                                          $x2 = CONREC_sect($m1, $m2, $h, $xh);
                                          $y2 = CONREC_sect($m1, $m2, $h, $yh);
                                          break;
                                      default:
                                          break;
                                  }
  
                                  // ================================================== 
                                  // OUTPUT to return array structure
                                  // ================================================== 
                                  $return_array[$k]['segments'][] = array('x1'=>$x1,'y1'=>$y1,'x2'=>$x2,'y2'=>$y2);
                                  
                                  // NOTE: If wishing to improve performance, or reduce memory use, just put your
                                  // rendering routine right here.
                                  // ================================================== 
                              } // end if: caseValue != 0
                          } // end for: m loop
                      }
                  } // end k loop
              } // end if: trivial case elimination (outside contouring range)
          } // end for: primary j loop
      } // end for: primary i loop
      
      // Return the computed contours
      return $return_array;
      
  } // end function: conrec();


  // ----------------------------------------------------------------
  // Internal functions
  // ----------------------------------------------------------------
  
  // As we don't have access to the $xh and $yh parameters we pass them into this single function to perform the segment computation
  function CONREC_sect($p1_index, $p2_index, $h, $dimh) {
    return ($h[$p2_index] * $dimh[$p1_index] - $h[$p1_index] * $dimh[$p2_index]) / ($h[$p2_index] - $h[$p1_index]);
  }
  
  function CONREC_auto_z($nc, $array) {
  	// ================================================== 
      // NOTE: Simply dividing the range by the number of desired contours doesn't 
      // actually work very well, as the max and min values do not produce
      // any contours at all. To correct for this we add 2 to the desired number of
      // contours, divide the range by that number and then use that step to return the
      // actual contour values to use. 
      // ================================================== 
      $z = array();
      $d_min = CONREC_arraymin($array);
      $d_max = CONREC_arraymax($array);
      $d_range = $d_max - $d_min;
      $contour_step = $d_range / ($nc + 2 - 1); // See above for an explanation of this algebra :)
      for($tmp_i = 1;$tmp_i <= $nc;$tmp_i++) {
        $z[] = $d_min + ($contour_step * $tmp_i);
      }
      // $z should now contain $nc elements
      return $z;
  }
  
  function CONREC_arraymax($array){
    if (is_array($array)){
        foreach($array as $key => $value) {
            $array[$key] = CONREC_arraymax($value);
        }
        return max($array);
    } else{
        return $array;
    }
  }
  
  function CONREC_arraymin($array){
    if (is_array($array)) {
        foreach($array as $key => $value) {
            $array[$key] = CONREC_arraymin($value);
        }
        return min($array);
    } else{
        return $array;
    }
  }
  
  
  // ----------------------------------------------------------------
  // End of file.
  // ----------------------------------------------------------------
?>

Test PHP File (This File)

The test generation code (this file) is shown below.


<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
  <head><title>CONREC PHP Demonstration Page - Ashley Norris, 2013</title>
<body>
  <h1>CONREC PHP Demonstration Page</h1>
  <p>Original <a href="http://paulbourke.net/papers/conrec/">CONREC</a> code by <a href="http://paulbourke.net/">Paul Bourke</a>.</p>
  <p>This <a href="http://www.php.net/">PHP</a> implementation by <a href="http://norris.org.au/">Ashley Norris</a>.</p>
    
<?php
  // ------------------------------------------------
  // ------------------------------------------------
  // Include the CONREC library - this assumes the two scripts are side by side on the server.
  // ------------------------------------------------
  include('conrec.inc.php');
  // ------------------------------------------------

  // ------------------------------------------------
  // Show a couple of examples
  // ------------------------------------------------
  // Use of the 'eval' function here is for convenience - general use can not be recommended.
  // ------------------------------------------------
  
  $examples = array();
  // ------------------------------------------------
  $examples[] = array('nc' => 10,
                      'x_min' => -3 * pi(),
                      'x_range' => 6 * pi(),
                      'y_min' => -3 * pi(),
                      'y_range' => 6 * pi(),
                      'string' => 'f = X.(sin(X) + sin(Y))',
                      'eval' => '$val = $x_val * (sin($x_val) + sin($y_val));');
  // ------------------------------------------------
  $examples[] = array('nc' => 10,
                      'x_min' => -1 * pi(),
                      'x_range' => 4 * pi(),
                      'y_min' => -2 * pi(),
                      'y_range' => 4 * pi(),
                      'string' => 'f =  sin((X^2 + Y^2)^0.5)',
                      'eval' => '$val = sin(pow($x_val*$x_val + $y_val*$y_val,0.5));');
  // ------------------------------------------------
  $examples[] = array('nc' => 15,
                      'x_min' => -5,
                      'x_range' => 15,
                      'y_min' => -2 * pi(),
                      'y_range' => 4 * pi(),
                      'string' => 'f =  ContouringPaper[Figure18.6]',
                      'eval' => '$val = sin(pow($x_val*$x_val + $y_val*$y_val,0.5)) + (1 / (pow(pow($x_val - 5,2) + $y_val*$y_val,0.5)));');
  // ------------------------------------------------
  $examples[] = array('nc' => 6,
                      'x_min' => 0,
                      'x_range' => 10,
                      'y_min' => 0,
                      'y_range' => 10,
                      'string' => 'f = random(0,100)',
                      'eval' => '$val = rand(0,100);');
  // ------------------------------------------------
                      
  // ------------------------------------------------
  // ------------------------------------------------
  
  $N = 100;
  $img_size = 900;  // The pixel size of the outputted image: be aware of reduced contour quality due to oversampling, keep $N <= ($img_size / 3)

  // ------------------------------------------------
  // ------------------------------------------------
    
  foreach($examples as $ex) {
  
    $d = array();
    $x = array();
    $y = array();
    
    $x_min = $ex['x_min'];
    $y_min = $ex['y_min'];
    
    $x_range = $ex['x_range'];
    $y_range = $ex['y_range'];
    
    // ------------------------------------------------
    // ------------------------------------------------
    // Create the sampled data based on the function chosen
    
    for($i = 0;$i < $N;$i++) {
      for($j = 0;$j < $N ;$j++) {
        // x
        $x_val = $x_min + ($x_range * $i / ($N - 1));
        // y
        $y_val = $y_min + ($y_range * $j / ($N - 1));
        
        // val (from eval)        
        $val = 0;
        eval($ex['eval']);
        $error = error_get_last();
        print_r($error);
    
        // Null or NaN check (crude!)
        if (!$val) { $val = 0; }
        
        $x[$i] = $x_val;
        $y[$j] = $y_val;
        $d[$i][$j] = $val;
      }
    }
    // ------------------------------------------------
  
    // ------------------------------------------------
    // ------------------------------------------------
    // INVOKE CONREC
    // ------------------------------------------------
    $contours = CONREC_contour($d,$x,$y,$ex['nc']);
    // ------------------------------------------------ 
    // ------------------------------------------------
      
    // ------------------------------------------------
    // ------------------------------------------------
    // Create output image using GD
    // ------------------------------------------------
    
    if (!function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor')) { die('Fatal error: no GD module support. Please enable this in php.ini to use this script.'); }
      
    $img = imagecreatetruecolor($img_size,$img_size);
    $white = imagecolorallocate($img,255,255,255);
    $black = imagecolorallocate($img,0,0,0);
    imagefilledrectangle($img,0,0,$img_size,$img_size,$white);
      
    // ------------------------------------------------
    $num_contours = count($contours);
    
    $R_base = rand(0,255);
    $G_base = rand(0,255);
    $B_base = rand(0,255);
    
    foreach($contours as $index=>$c) {
      // make a colour
      $R = $R_base + ((255 - $R_base) * ($index / $num_contours));
      $G = $G_base * ($index / $num_contours);
      $B = $B_base - ($B_base * ($index / $num_contours));
      
      $this_contour = imagecolorallocate($img,$R,$G,$B);
      
      // ---
      foreach($c['segments'] as $sgm) {
        // Convert X and Y to pixels
        $x1 = (($sgm['x1'] - $x_min) / $x_range) * $img_size;
        $x2 = (($sgm['x2'] - $x_min) / $x_range) * $img_size;
        
        $y1 = $img_size - (($sgm['y1'] - $y_min) / $y_range) * $img_size;
        $y2 = $img_size - (($sgm['y2'] - $y_min) / $y_range) * $img_size;
        
        imageline($img,$x1,$y1,$x2,$y2,$this_contour);
        
      }
      // ---
      
      imagefilledrectangle($img,0,($index + 1) * 20,20,($index+2)*20,$this_contour);
      
      imagerectangle($img,0,($index + 1)*20,20,($index + 2)*20,$black);
      imagestring($img,2,25,(($index + 1) * 20)+3,round($c['value'],3),$black);
      
    }
    // ------------------------------------------------
    // Label the function
    imagefilledrectangle($img,0,0,300,19,$white);
    imagestring($img,2,3,3,$ex['string'],$black);
    // ------------------------------------------------
    
    
    // ------------------------------------------------
    // Output PNG file to browser
    // ------------------------------------------------
    ob_start();
    imagepng($img);
    $image_data = ob_get_contents();
    ob_end_clean();
    imagedestroy($img);

    // Base64 encode (for embedded URI scheme)
    $image_data = base64_encode($image_data);
    
    print('<hr />');
    print('<h1>'.$ex['string'].'</h1>');
    print('<img style="border:1px solid #555;text-align:padding:1em;" src="data:image/png;base64,'.$image_data.'" />');
    print('<p>X Axis: '.round($x_min,3).' to '.round($x_min + $x_range,3).', Y Axis: '.round($y_min,3).' to '.round($y_min + $y_range,3).'</p>');

    // ------------------------------------------------
  } // end of major example loop
?>
<hr />
<p><i>End of CONREC demonstrations.</i></P>
<hr />

<hr />
<h1>CONREC PHP File</h1>
<p>The library code is shown below.</p>
<hr />
<pre>
<?php
  $file = str_replace(array('<','>'),array('<','>'),file_get_contents('conrec.inc.php'));
  print($file);
?>
</pre>

<hr />
<h1>Test PHP File (This File)</h1>
<p>The test generation code (this file) is shown below.</p>
<hr />
<pre>
<?php
  $file = str_replace(array('<','>'),array('<','>'),file_get_contents('index.php'));
  print($file);
?>
</pre>

<hr />
<p><i>End of document.</i></p>

</html>

End of document.